How to treat diabetes?Of course, insulin.Everyone knows about this, even those who are far from medicine.After all, diabetes (hereinafter - diabetes) is when sugar increases.And insulin reduces this sugar.
In general, right.If you do not take into account the negligents, at first sight, but actually important details.
Insulin
Yes, insulin really reduces the high level of sugar (more precise - glucose) in blood plasma.
With type 1 diabetes, which are mostly developed in the youth, the absolute lack of insulin is noticed - this hormone is not excreted (nor are they excreted in low quantities) with certain pancreatic structures, Langerganes are.
There is no insulin - there is no use of glucose, and further metabolic processes are pathological.If you introduce insulin in the replacement therapy framework, then the situation can be corrected to some extent.
Under the influence of this medicine, glucose enters where it should be - in a cage, where it is subject to dividing.Metabolism is normalized.
Everything would be simple that it wasn't that hard.The fact is that in some cases the introduction of insulin can lead to great problems since its absence.The reason is hypoglycemia, a sharp decline in blood plasma glucose.
Insulin overdose affects very quickly and sometimes immediately.
The skin becomes pale, drops of blood pressure, a coma is developing, from which the patient is very difficult to remove.
The cause of hypoglycemia is not just an overdose, but also improper insulin administration.This medicine should only be given after taking light food.Before introducing insulin, physical activity, voltages are not desirable.
Therefore, insulin dosing was carefully selected by the endocrinologist, depending on the level of glycemia (blood plase content), which is determined by laboratory means.
The daily dose depends on the level of glycemia, diabetes exchange rate, and the doctor determines individually for each patient.
A typical failure of this dose is 30% before breakfast, 35% - before lunch, 25% - before dinner, and 10% at night.
Although these figures can vary depending on the lifestyle, work.And to choose the right insulin with first detected diabetes, hardly discovered by diabetes melitus, it can take a few days.The landmark is the same - laboratory indicators.
Due to the high rice of hypoglycemia, insulin is prohibited by introducing emergency workers in the negotiable phase, which cannot control glycemic.
True, many portable devices, speedboats have recently appeared, designed to measure blood sugar.
But, first, gliseter reliability sometimes leaves a lot for the desired.
And second, as already mentioned, the deferred insulin introduction is not as scary as an overdose.
It is important that insulin is used to treat diabetes is not homogeneous.
It can be pork, livestock (obtained from pancreas with clogged animals) and man, synthesized with genetic engineering.
Insulin is not the same in terms of action.If necessary, as quickly as possible to reduce, short -acking insulin has been introduced.The effect occurs quickly, during the first 15-20 minutes, but it does not last long.
Insulin of the average duration and extended actions is designed to create the required glycemic background during the day.Types of insulin and their combination is prescribed by the endocrinologist, depending on a particular clinical situation.
Saharasses
If insulin is only produced in the form of injection solutions (destroyed in the gastrointestinal tract), then the irresistible number of sugar lowering drugs are represented by input tablets.
It should be noted that insulin and sugar-others for diabetes are not replaceable.
More precisely, insulin is only efficient with the type of diabetes above 1 type of melitus.
And they are all sugar funds used only for 2 types of insulin - dependent types of disease.This species is based on a relative lack of insulin.This means that the total amount of insulin is produced from the pancreas normal or even increased.But still missing.
This happens with obesity in old age, when the amount of adipose tissue increases, and the compensatory possibilities of the human body are low.
There are several types of sugar pills.All of them in this way or another change the course of biochemical reactions and thus encourage insulin production with beta cells.
At a certain point in beta cells are exhausted, the relative lack of insulin becomes absolute, and there is a need for further transition to insulin treatment.
Sometimes the basis of diabetes Melitus can increase the production of unquerved thyroid hormones, adrenal glands and pituitary.The action of these hormones is precisely contrary to such insulin - increase blood glucose levels.
After the high level of the Codnoxular hormones, laboratory methods are confirmed, specific injection agents that regulate their level.
Glucose
It turns out that glucose in diabetes is not less important than insulin.This is especially true for heavy forms of disease.
Timely the introduction of glucose inHypoglycemic conditions- This is a matter of life and death.After all, blood sugar level should be placed as quickly as possible.This concentrated 40% of glucose applies intravenously with syringe.
IfThe patient is awareThey give him a drink of warm tea with sugar.
But hyperglycemia (high sugar) also requires the application of glucose.
The lower line is to accumulate glucose into plasma in large quantities.But the cell does not receive this glucose.Pathological mechanisms of glygenesis - glucose synthesis from fat and protein, which are degraded intensively.
To prevent this from happening, glucose is introduced intravenously as part of such a colorful polarization of the mixture.This mixture includes 5% glucose, insulin and one of the potassium medications.Insulin contributes to the penetration of glucose in a cage, and at the same time "pulls" potassium together with him.This is the most important intras element that controls almost all metabolic processes in the cell.
Another state when glucose is vital increased urine edition in diabetes, thus-werecolated diabetic urem.
This is due to a high concentration of blood plasma and secondary renal impairment.Glucose is lost along with urine.In this case, there was a false positive picture, the blood glucose level was reduced without insulin.
In fact, this is a potentially dangerous condition called endocrinologists with "scissors" due to the deviation between laboratory indicators and objective data.The only way out to avoid these "scissors" lies in the timely application of glucose solutions.
Certification and alkalization
Pinalism is, primarily loss of liquid, which quickly leads to dehydration or dehydration.In addition, the excess glucose in the blood is turned into ketone bodies (acetone and other compounds) that have a sour reaction.
This process is called ketoacidosis.
Access to extremely difficult, and in the absence of treatment, it ends sad.Dehydration and ketoacidosis are burdened with each other.
In order to remove dehydration, rehydration is performed - complementing the lack of liquid.The diabetes reedation includes massive, up to 3 liters a day or more, intravenous infusion of different solutions.
In addition to the above glucose, a regular isotonic sodium chloride solution (physiological solution), as well as other solutions containing sodium, chlorine, magnesium, potassium ions.
Filling of liquid deficiency normalizes the balance of acids and base in the body and largely eliminates acids in tissues - acidosis.Efficient ways to combat acidosis are the infusion of sterile alkalinizing solutions.They include sodium bicarbonate or, simply soda.If the patient's condition allows, preferably alkaline drinking in the form of alkaline mineral waters.
Other medicines
Diabetes Mellitus is a systemic disease.This means that pathology is not limited to only the pancreas - in one way or another, almost all organs and tissues suffer.To a large extent, it is due to diabetic angiopathy - lesions of blood vessels and capillaries.
At the same time, blood circulation in these vessels and capillaries is disturbed, which leads to secondary lesions of internal organs - first of all, the eyes of the retina (retinopathy) and kidney (nephropathy).To remove angiopathy, intravenous application of different drugs that improve the system circulation of blood.
With these medications, medications are prescribed for a certain effect that affect metabolic processes in nerve fibers.
Violation of blood circulation in the capillary network is often complicated by trophic ulcers with overriding localization on the inside of the lower leg.
The treatment of these rectors requires the use of local antiseptics and antibiotics.Diabetics more often than others are sick of cardiovascular disease-atherosclerosis, hypertension, angina pectoris complicated myocardial infarction.
In the treatment of these diseases, cardiotics are used, which positively affect myokard, antiasterosiotic and hypotensive (reducing blood pressure) medications.With diabetes, not only desirable, but also necessary to take different vitamin mineral complexes in the form of pharmaceutical drugs and biologically active food additives.
Diabetes diet
A regular diet in the treatment of diabetes is important as medications.Failure to comply with diet reduces the efficiency of these drugs to zero.This is especially true for 1. Type of diabetes, where the smallest diet errors are full of serious consequences.Basic requirements for dietary dietary dietary:
- Fractional entry of food in small portions 4-5 times;
- A balanced ratio of protein, fats and carbohydrates;
- The number of calories accepted by food should be equal to the number of consumed;
- With obesity - reduction of excess weight.
In this regard, easily digestible carbohydrates, greasy meat, sweets, strong tea, coffee, butter, grapes are contraindicated.Instead of white bread - black, instead of sugar - sugar -subituti for diabetics.
The advantage in the diet should be given cereals (buckwheat, oatmeal, wheat), light vegetable soup, fresh vegetables.Diet for each patient develops individually shared.
Conclusion
Of course, this article is in no way for self-help, which can be collected diabetes with diabetes.It should be noted that it is impossible to completely cure insulin-conceived diabetes Melitus.Regret, but the fact.But accurate, regular treatment, protective regime, food and physical restrictions will help return to complete life and avoid unwanted complications.